Many historians argue that America may be experiencing a decline similar to that of ancient Rome. In 200 BCE, Roman citizens believed their republic would last indefinitely due to its resilience against numerous invasions and disasters. However, by 27 BCE, the Roman Republic collapsed, transitioning into an empire characterized by the loss of representative democracy. This shift was fueled by factors such as an expanding state, corruption from moneyed interests, and growing social and economic inequalities, all of which diminished citizens’ faith in their institutions.
Edward Watts, a historian at UC San Diego, discusses how the decline of Rome can provide critical insights for the present-day United States. His works, “Mortal Republic” and “The Eternal Decline and Fall of Rome,” detail the reasons for Rome’s demise and suggest lessons that could help America avert a similar fate. Watts emphasizes the need for adaptation and responsiveness in a political system, stressing that complacency can lead to systemic failure.
In a conversation, Watts reflects on America’s current political landscape, suggesting that we might already be witnessing the early signs of decline. He expresses greater concern about the political unrest since 2018, highlighting events such as the January 6 Capitol riots which nearly disrupted governance. Watts draws parallels between the chaotic circumstances faced by both Rome and contemporary America, cautioning that a breakdown in established political systems leads to unpredictable outcomes.
Watts points out that Rome’s ability to adapt significantly contributed to its longevity. By expanding citizenship, Rome ensured a broader representation of interests, crucial during times of transformation. Individuals who could contribute to society’s well-being, regardless of their origin, were empowered. This adaptability, or ability to innovate within existing systems, is a key lesson for contemporary governance that America must heed to maintain its democratic framework.
The long period of dysfunction leading to the Roman Empire’s rise raises questions about America’s current capacity to address political crises. With escalating violence and political attempts to disrupt the governing process, Watts urges vigilance against complacency. Rome’s historical experience illustrates that an unaddressed crisis can spiral into chaos, leading society into destructive political extremes.
Watts underscores the danger of political violence, which undermines representative democracy. He argues that relying on individual leaders for systemic change is precarious; it risks dismantling established institutions that have provided social stability. Historically, those who disrupt functional systems often lack the competencies required for constructive rebuilding, emphasizing the importance of preserving democratic principles over individual ambitions.
In summary, Edward Watts outlines significant parallels between the decline of the Roman Republic and contemporary American politics. He warns that systemic corruption, social inequity, political violence, and reliance on single leaders pose severe threats to democracy. America must recognize the lessons from history to foster adaptability and prevent the rise of tyranny, ensuring that its political framework remains robust and inclusive.
